You should always ensure you're safely below this current limit.) Basically, it's the threshold at which Atmel can no longer guarantee the chip won't be damaged. You should never actually pull a full 40 mA from a pin. The absolute maximum for any single IO pin is 40 mA ( this is the maximum.The 3.3V regulated output is able to supply 150 mA max, which is the limit of the 3.3V regulator. When it overheats, it will shut down temporarily. However, this it also thermally limited, meaning that as you draw power, the regulator will heat up. When you are using an external power supply, through the barrel power connector, you are limited by the local 5V regulator, which is rated for a maximum of 1 Amp. This is shared with the devices on the arduino board, so the available power will be somewhat less. When you are powering your arduino from USB, the USB interface limits your total power consumption to 500 mA. As such, it can source significantly more power. The 5V pin of the arduino is not connected through the microcontroller. However, depending on how you define the Arduino "Pins", this is not the entire story. total) current limit, and an per-pin limit: the analog and digital pins) have both an aggregate (e.g. The IO lines from the microcontroller (i.e. Basically, there are a number of limiting factors:
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